* DESIGN
Step one: orientation in the southern
He does not want trouble or costing a fortune. In fact , it costs almost nothing. Conversely, if preceded by careful design , the pocket will benefit from the very first day . Why summer will not need air conditioners, while in winter the house will heat up at a rate of 60 % to 70 % of the sun.
The name says : the bioclimatic architecture takes into account the region's microclimate and utilizes the elements to save some of the energy required for the operation of buildings that are designed based on principles. "Every bioclimatic house holds its own surprises ," explains architect Tania Toganidis - Vardoulakis . "It is not for jobbing construction, because each region and each plot has its own peculiarities . That is interesting about the man who asked to design it . Weigh the parameters and data and collaborate with people who will inhabit . "
Since then interest, why not build all the Greeks their homes so ? "Why the world does not know this option. Believed to be accurate , so do not even discuss , "says architect - engineer Elli Georgiadis. "However , those who know , they come to us with their eyes closed. That " this and our industry has not been affected by the economic crisis. People who want to live in a bioclimatic house is , unfortunately so far comparatively few , but because they are interested in the subject, searchers find us from all parts of Greece ... ".
HOW MUCH?
The construction of a bioclimatic house can be claimed as a conventional , about 1,000 euro / sq.m . As in a conventional home, is up to us how much money you spend . For example , choosing instead awnings electronic metal shutters are more economical. Correspondingly, the offset of the installation cost of a simple external emissions ( target price EUR 3,000-5,000 depending on the surface ) can be achieved by choosing the cheapest materials in the kitchen or bathroom , etc.
Calculate a charge to pay the architect - engineer , which itself depends on the agency you choose. Pay rate includes both the study and supervised the construction . De facto supervision during the construction of bioclimatic buildings are more demanding, so expect a premium of around 30 % on average.
CONDITION
It is easier to design a bioclimatic house in suburban areas , because in cities the layout (and by " expanding the orientation of roads and land ) is specific. If, for example The plot is located on a street oriented west - east , it is difficult to place the long side of the building in the South that the house to exploit the advantages of large south windows ( windows) winter months. Despite " all this bioclimatic interventions can be done anywhere .
THE SECRETS
1. Openings in the southern
A basic principle of passive solar architecture are orientation . Assuming good insulation , large south windows for greater penetration of the sun in the winter , keeping the interior warm . To accumulate solar energy , we use materials thermosyssoreftikes skills, eg monolithic ceramic bricks. Adding passive solar systems, eg solar greenhouses, with proper sun protection in the summer , helps considerably, as the smooth circulation of indoor air which is accomplished with the right configuration, the house on the south side. The more walls there are, dyskolefetaio " air to circulate . Similarly, should the openings in Voria be small or west side closed.
Two . Deciduous canopies
As much as we try to cool the interior will not succeed unless shading points from which comes the sun . As the summer sun moves higher, we can "protect" the south side with small porticoes (eg pergolas ) and the west -east with vertical blinds (eg vertical blinds ) . Effective solution if you have a garden, is planting deciduous and broadleaf trees. The winter shed their leaves , allowing the penetration of the sun, and in the summer absorb solar energy , dropping the outside temperature and providing shade.
Three . night ventilation
The night air cools the walls, maintaining the internal temperature at 23 , 25 or more than 27 degrees Celsius. Respectively, during the day the windows must be closed.
This is probably the only item that requires the participation of residents. Smart, and old idea is the interior patio. This is a garden that works as an extension of the living room . At night , cover the outside perimeter of the house and open interior with windows overlooking the patio . This assumes the role of " trap hot air ", resulting in the house " defuses " the heat of the patio area .
THE EXAMPLE
Bioclimatic family home Papoulias Rafina
Andreas and Elena Papoulias had no idea of bioclimatic architecture until he was a house that they liked being bioclimatic . Looked for architect - engineer who had designed anymore when they decided to build the house of their in Rafina . Today and save up to 50 % oil, while in summer the air conditioner use is limited to a bedroom of the residence , which covers an area of 224 sq.m. " Installed 3 years ago . We have placed even tents that will protect your home more summer, but again rarely need air conditioning , " he explains. "The house also offers excellent thermal insulation ."
Externally there was virtually nothing betrays that it bioclimatic building . The only indication is the conservatory on the south side which adjoins a small structure resembling a cistern . " During the winter months the sun penetrates the interior through the windows warming and part of the" stored " on the floor (solid ceramic brick with high heat capacity ) that heats the air. Filling the tank with water , the water operates reflective surface like a mirror , increasing solar radiation passes through the glass , "notes architect - engineer Tanya Toganidis - Vardoulakis . We observe that the stairs near the conservatory is metal rather than solid material . " This ensures the smooth movement of air ."
The large openings in the southern part of the house, which is characterized by large single spaces , combined with the " closed" north and west side , also follow one of the fundamental principles of bioclimatic architecture. For good cooling the house in summer, the house has malkaf the so-called " wind tower ". This is an elevator shaft , without lift, with slanted roof, with smooth walls to not absorb moisture and openings in the directions the wind blows . The air enters from above and thanks to the slope of the roof is directed downwards . Going loses heat ( per 10 meters is cooled by 10 degrees ) and cold anymore, channeled through the openings in the base of malkaf , inside the house.
"The only additional expense was the glass greenhouse , a charge of 1.5% of total construction cost ," says Andreas Papoulias . " You realize that depreciation was very quickly on oil saving . In a conventional house will consume twice liters heating time ... ".
* ENERGY
RE : The nature of the position ... PPC
Until recently , systems save significant amounts of fuel or electricity combined the benefit to the environment with the benefit to our pockets . Today, the price of oil has plummeted , we remain the 'green credentials ' the only motivation ? "The criteria for choosing one , you should have a time horizon of at least ten years ," according to the engineer Xenophon Zissis . Current low prices of fossil fuels, due to the global economic crisis , it can be argued that it will rise sharply once it is overcome. On the other hand, required by the EU energy certification of buildings brings the Greek market a reasonable assessment of the economic value of properties based on their energy behavior. "In the first phase , it is mainly on whether the house achieves good savings , ie if it is well insulated • but it is certain that in a decade will take into consideration and renewable energy technologies ," says Mr. Zissis .
To construct one such residence may apply to specialists, such as Mr. Zissis , who carry out a comprehensive study on all systems renewables. " We choose the best combination of technologies for the specific property and the microclimate of the area ," said Costas Theophylact , engineer that also carries similar energy studies. Alternatively , one can draw on some of the companies that commercialize renewable energy systems , which will carry both install and supervise the operation. With the help of two specific , we recorded the advantages and indicative costs of each technology .
1. Producing electricity from RES
If the dwelling is located in suburban areas with strong winds, a wind generator 3-4 KW can meet the needs of the household. Although the area is densely populated but sunny climates , the system can be combined with solar panels or electricity generation must be used exclusively by the sun. The house can either be interfaced with the grid or to maintain autonomous, storing the excess energy produced in special batteries.
ADVANTAGES : when the network is such that the connection fees to be high (when should be placed 2 to 3 columns ) , the solution of the autonomous residence is advantageous . Meanwhile, the financial budget remains unaffected by the ups and downs of the current tariffs .
"A detached house exclusively with photovoltaics will take about twenty years to make return on investment ," says Mr. Zissis . Mr. Theofylaktos advise always connect to the network: " Thus, there is a backup solution in case the building needs power which at the moment can not produce ."
HOW : For a 120 m2 stand-alone household wind turbine with the rest of the equipment will cost around 7,000 euros, the payback time from 7 to 10 years.
For the same size home cost of a photovoltaic system that will cover all the needs in electricity, can reach 30,000 euros. The numbers are different if the residence is connected to the electricity and sell the electricity produced to the electricity or TSO . Based on the subsidy per kWh applied to the RES , the payback time for wind turbines is halved , while the photovoltaic decreased up to eight years. All this is provided that will reduce costs and bureaucratic hurdles. Based however recent announcement Development Minister Costas Hadjidakis , authorization will be by a single document .
Two . Warm up in the sun
The operating principle of solar thermal systems is no different than that of the water heater : specialist collectors exploit the sun's heat to warm up water and release it into the heating system . Usually chosen underfloor system (pipes installed in the floor and run them indoors ) . Cover about 40 % of the floor plan of the building, while the system has an additional heat source for winter with prolonged cloudy periods . This rarely happens - the system keeps the house warm for 2-4 days without sun.
ADVANTAGES : Can cover more than half of its energy needs . In Thessaloniki, the percentage reaches 50 %, while in Athens the sun can contribute up to 70 % on heating . Solar thermal systems also provide plenty of hot water.
AMOUNT : The purchase and installation cost about 300 euro / sq.m . , Ie house 120 m2 expenditure is 35,000 euros. Amortization : 10 years.
Info: Solar Industry Association (www.ebhe.gr), T 210 21 12 591
Three . The subsoil heats or cools the house
The technology of " shallow geothermal " is based on a network of underground pipes. The system heats or cools the building (usually underfloor or wall mounted wire) exploits the fact that the subsoil remains at a constant temperature of winter - summer. A prerequisite is to have free space on the plot to make the drilling • 100 m2 in horizontal drilling and 40 m2 if the underground pipe system installed vertically.
BENEFITS : Reducing costs for cooling and heating of the home - with a greater reduction in areas where extreme temperatures prevail . After the payback period , the cost of heating is 50 % of the cost of oil. It is also cheaper and more hygienic solution compared with cooling air conditioners .
AMOUNT costs around 30,000-40,000 euros. Payback period : 10 years . In recent years, geothermal energy has become quite popular in Greece , thus reduced the cost of investment.
Info: Center for Renewable Energy - Geothermal Department (www.cres.gr), T 210 66 03 300
4. Biomass : back to the future
A reliable alternative for heating is to use energy fireplace or a central boiler that will burn biomass such as firewood . Currently marketed pellets ( agglomerates fiberboard or agricultural residues ), which further reduce the consumption of wood .
ADVANTAGES : The energy stoves nowhere near conventional woodstoves that filled the room with smoke • Feed them automatically , and feature temperature setting so that these operations be electronically programmed . The thermal performance of the pellets reaches 90 %, and can be combined with other heating technologies ensuring full independence from oil .
AMOUNT : The price of a stove with pellets starts at 2,000 euros, while the respective boilers is 20 % more expensive than oil burners . Payback time : about 3 years . Then, the heating cost reaches 30 to 40 % of the cost of oil consumption .
Info: On the Internet you will find many companies that commercialize biomass boilers and stoves . For more information: Center for Renewable Energy - Biomass Department (www.cres.gr) T 210 66 03 300 .
OPTIONS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR HOME
1. With a wind , the house can be converted to small electricity payback 7.10 years.
Two . Solar thermal systems save money ( and pollutants) from heating up by 70 %.
Three . A horizontal network of underground pipes can heat or cool the interior much more cheaply. Thus, the damping system is no more than a decade.
4. The pellets stoves or fireplaces operate at a cost not exceed 40 % of the price of oil.
5. The biological treatment is ideal for watering gardens without drinking water consumption . A biological system can also recycle "gray water " in order to end up in cisterns . This saves up to 30 % of the water consumed by a residence.
* RECYCLING
*Saving water is simple
1. WATER TANKS RAINWATER
Can easily be constructed in the basement of any building . All you need is to direct guttering into an underground reservoir, which will either be constructed of cement either be purchased ready.
ADVANTAGES : Even if used only for watering gardens or cleaning exteriors , save significant amounts of water . With a simple filtration , rain water , which is better quality, can be used in washing machines and dishwashers, which means less use of chemicals , less energy consumption and save drinking water reaches 90 %.
HOW : The cost of construction starts at 1,500 euros , but for their depreciation will take 7-10 years, since the selling price of water by EYDAP is the lowest in Europe. "With more striking problems of drought , the price is expected to increase , possibly resulting in levels of Germany • there, however, the depreciation period not exceeding three years ," says Mr. Zissis .
Info: Ask your architect to include it in the plans .
Two . SEWAGE
Treats the wastewater and the filtered water is used for watering the garden basement . Such systems are odorless and easy to maintain , with the proviso that the house will use biodegradable substances , such as biodegradable detergents.
ADVANTAGES : The facility is uneconomic when the house is far from the sewer and the only alternative is to build a watertight cesspool . Even when connected to the central sewer, the "gray water " from the sink and the sink may result in a small biological treatment unit so that , through different pipes , lead in the cistern . In this way , we achieve saving water that reaches up to 30 %. '
AMOUNT : A system that will process all the sewage of housing starts from 3000 euros. The price for a small processing unit of "gray water " is 800 euros , without taking into account the cost of installing double-pipe .
Info: On the Internet you can find many companies.
* MATERIALS
There are solutions without chemicals
In Greek market circulates wide range of building products , which are not only more environmentally friendly but also improve the quality of life for occupants . Indeed find increasing resonance as "today the Greek now know that many of the synthetic building materials , widely used , they release volatile compounds that have been implicated in adverse effects on human health," says Mr. Mirto Koliri , architect and engineer environment. "Usually these materials either require much energy to produce or cause significant environmental contamination , which begins in our country to be weak ."
Mrs. Koliri stresses, however, that the concept of eco- building material is not necessarily identical with the concept of "natural " or "less industrialized ". " To qualify as a material environmental friendly , you must also meet other criteria such as being recyclable or have durability and long life ," adds architect Thanos Stasinopoulos , noting that ultimately use is that will determine whether a product is truly "green ." " We all know that there is no more natural material from wood, but how environmentally beneficial would be to use wood products that are not regularly maintained , thus often need change? "
With the help of two specific , therefore , we recorded alternative suggestions for materials to use in your home.
BERNIKIA
In market available natural varnish wood preservation , with a price range of around 20 euros per kilo. Also , circulating treated timber treated with eco-friendly materials . But there are varnishes not completely natural , but free of many toxic , which is much cheaper.
INSULATION
The conventional solution is the products of extruded polystyrene (XPS), which are usually treated with chemicals that destroy ozone. Although there XPS products that do not harm the atmosphere , one can use purely ecological materials such as biopolymer made from corn (biofiber), which costs 12.05 euros per sq. km. meter. An alternative is iraklitis , which consists mainly of wood wool and costs about as much as the XPS - more specifically the 7-14 square . meter, depending on the thickness . With natural materials with insulating properties is excelsior , cellulose and cork , while commercially available insulation products made of hemp ( 9.7 euro per sq. Meter) and wool ( 9-15 euro per sq. Meter) .
PLASTER - PAINTS
Available commercially many ecological paints and plasters , which can be found in almost all paint stores . The price of the plastic is the same. In dull the price is about 2.5 dollars more than conventional .
FRAMES
Besides expensive , wood windows require regular maintenance intervals . Aluminum, in contrast, is more durable, while the price of the windows of this metal starts from 375 euros per square . measure , along with double glazing. Also, the aluminum and allows the construction of frames with thermal break , which can increase the cost by as much as 30% , but has better thermal insulation . "Those who will not be selected are windows made of PVC, material deteriorates with time ," says Mr. Koliri . Besides, PVC is good to avoid as much as possible in housing because of the treatment with chemicals is harmful to human health , while the combustion of dioxins released .
TILES
The best solution is the tiles of ceramics, while the market move adhesives for tiles with natural ingredients. Their prices range around 15 euros per kilo.
TIMBER PRODUCTS ( DOORS - CABINET )
Because the solution of solid wood is very expensive, commonly used materials of wood fibers as chipboard or MDF. These products are often used urea- formaldehyde resins , which are implicated in allergies and respiratory problems . So " it would be better to choose one chipboard and MDF E1 class , ie low emission formaldehyde. A good solution is also the OSB, ie board of wood that are treated without formaldehyde derivatives . Prices start from € 5 per square . meter.
FLOOR
With wood being the most widespread solution , alternatively can use cork or linoleum , the first mainly at points not often pressed , since it is very durable, while at the second most common areas. The price of linoleum is around 11.5 per sq. km. meter, while the cork at 35 euros.
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